Cosmetic Industry Approaches to Epigenetics and Molecular Biology by Rebecca James Gadberry Howard Epstein Jean-Marie Botto

Author:Rebecca James Gadberry,Howard Epstein,Jean-Marie Botto
Format: epub
Publisher: Chemical Publishing Company
Published: 2015-11-20T16:00:00+00:00

GLOSSARY:

3’UTR: 3’ untranslated region of a messenger RNA, located downstream of the stop codon.

AGO2: Argonaute 2 is encoded by AGO2 gene and is implicated in short interfering RNA mediated gene silencing.

BAT: Brown adipose tissue: Tissue specialized to burn lipids for heat generation and energy expenditure as a defense against cold and obesity.

B-MYB: V-Myb Avian Myeloblastosis Viral Oncogene Homolog-Like 2. B-myb is a member of the myb family of transcription factor, encoded by MYBL2 gene, and is a nuclear protein involved in cell cycle progression.

C/EBP β: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta, encoded by CEBPB gene. The protein can bind the promoter and upstream element and stimulate the expression of the collagen type I gene, and is also implicated in immune and inflammatory responses.

DICER1: A Ribonuclease III family enzyme. Dicer was given its name by Emily Bernstein, a graduate student at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, who first demonstrated the dsRNA “dicing” activity of this particular enzyme.

DGCR8: DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8. This gene encodes a subunit of the microprocessor complex that mediates the biogenesis of microRNAs.

DROSHA: A Ribonuclease III family enzyme implicated in microRNA processing. The “microprocessor” is a complex comprising the RNase III enzyme Drosha and the double-stranded RNA-binding protein DGCR8, catalyzing the nuclear step of microRNA biogenesis.

ECM: Extracellular matrix. ECM is the extracellular scaffold present in all kinds of tissues, involved in tissue morphogenesis, differentiation, and homeostasis.

ERK5: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5. ERK5 is a member of the MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase family. Synonym: Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7 (MAPK7).

FSCN1: Fascin Homolog 1, Actin-Bundling Protein. This gene encodes a member of the fascin family of actin-binding proteins.

iASSP: Apoptosis stimulating proteins of p53 (ASSP) inhibitor. Also known as Protein Phosphatase 1, Regulatory Subunit 13 Like (PPP1R13B-Like).

miR: MicroRNA. A category of noncoding ribonucleic acids (RNAs).

MITF: Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. The corresponding protein regulates the expression of melanogenesis enzyme genes.

mRNA: Messenger ribonucleic acid.

MYO5A: Myosin VA is an actin-based motor protein involved in cytoplasmic vesicle transport and mRNA translocation.

NHEM: Normal human epidermal melanocyte.

NHF: Normal human fibroblast.

NHK: Normal human keratinocyte.

Orthologous genes: Relates to genes for which the homology is the result of speciation. Orthologous genes are hence encountered in different species.

Paralogous genes: Relates to genes for which the homology is the result of gene duplication.

PKC: Protein-kinase C is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways, that can be activated by calcium and diacylglycerol, and phosphorylate in a wide variety of protein targets.

PPARg: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma nuclear receptors. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs), thus regulating the transcription of various genes.

pRb pathway: Retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway, involved in the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis.

RAB27A: Gene encoding a ras-related protein, belonging to the rab family of small GTPases.

RAN-GTP: RAS-related nuclear protein, binding a GTP molecule.

RISC: RNA-induced silencing complex, also known as RISC loading complex (RLC), or microRNA loading complex (miRLC). RISC is composed of DICER1, AGO2, and TRBP.

RNase III: Ribonuclease III enzyme. DROSHA and DICER1 are RNAse III enzymes.

RQ: relative quantification. RQ allows expressing of changes in gene expression, in a given condition, relative to a reference condition (e.

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